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EARTHQUAKE
a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth’s crust or volcanic action.
How is an earthquake formed?
WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE?
The vibration or tremors in the earth’s crust , caused by a sudden release of energy when the rock displaced along a fault.
THE FORMATION OF AN EARTHQUAKE
When two plates move towards or away from each other or slide movement is not smooth cause the friction between the moving plates cause stress to build up in the crust and eventually faulting occurs. The rock breaks and move in sudden jerks along the fracture. The energy which has been stored up in the rocks is suddenly released as shock waves. This cause vibration or tremors of the earth’s surface known as an earthquake.
Effects Of Earthquakes:
Earthquake environmental effects are the effects caused by an earthquake on the natural environment, including surface faulting, tectonic uplift and subsidence, tsunamis, soil liquefactions, ground resonance, landslides and ground failure, either directly linked to the earthquake source or provoked by the ground …
Top 10 Strongest Earthquake in Philippines:
The following are top 10 strongest earthquakes in the Philippines that caused major destructions and casualties:
1. Magnitude 8.0 earthquake in Mindanao (August 17, 1976)
A magnitude 8.0 earthquake took place near Mindanao and Sulu a little past midnight of August 17, 1976 that was felt as far as Visayas. It was then followed by a massive 4 to 5 meters high tsunami covering 700 kilometers of coastline bordering the island. Because it was dark, the people were caught by the raging water which claimed 8,000 lives, injuring 10,000, and leaving 90,000 more, homeless.
2. Magnitude 7.8 earthquake in Northern and Central Luzon (July 16, 1990)
A total of 2,412 people died and at least ₱10-billion worth of damages to public and private properties was reported after a magnitude 7.8 earthquake struck Northern and Central Luzon at around 4:00 p.m. of July 16, 1990.
Hyatt Terraces Plaza, Nevada Hotel, Baguio Hilltop Hotel, Baguio Park Hotel, and FRB Hotel, all in Baguio collapsed trapping and burying people alive.
Although the epicenter was recorded in Nueva Ecija, it caused more damage in the City of Pines. And the quake that just lasted for about a minute was one of the tragedies in the country that would never be forgotten.
3. Magnitude 7.5 earthquake in Luzon (November 30, 1645)
The magnitude 7.5 earthquake that crushed Luzon on November 30, 1645 at about 8:00 pm was called the “most terrible earthquake” in Philippines history. The Epicenter of the said quake was in Nueva Ecija caused by the San Manuel and Gabaldon Faults.
The extent of the tremor was felt as far as Cagayan Valley. It has caused many landslides which buried many people alive and destroyed many buildings and churches including Manila Cathedral.
That time, only Spanish are counted so the recorded number of casualties was only 600 while the injured was 3,000.
4. Magnitude 7.3 earthquake in Casiguran (August 2, 1968)
Most of the people in Casiguran, Aurora was still fast asleep when a magnitude 7.3 earthquake struck at 4:19 a.m. of August 2, 1968.
It was another deadly and shocking seismic activity in the country. And the City of Manila got the most severe damage. Many buildings were either damaged or destroyed totally.
The said event was also called the Ruby Tower earthquake after the said six-story building located in Binondo collapsed, and caused the death of 260 people. A total of 268 people died that day and 261 more were injured.
5. Magnitude 7.2 earthquake in Bohol (October 15, 2013)
I can still remember how people panicked in the morning of October 15, 2013. It was around 8:12 a.m. when a strong earthquake was felt here in Tacloban City. Only to find out after the lights came back that what we have experienced was nothing compared to the damage it caused in Bohol which was the epicenter of the magnitude 7.2 earthquake.
The quake affected most of Central Visayas, particularly Bohol and Cebu. It was felt in the whole area of Visayas and reached as far as Masbate Island in the north and Cotabato in Southern Mindanao.
According to the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), a total of 222 people died, 8 went missing and 976 others were injured. An estimated 73,000 structures were damaged wherein more than 14,500 of which were destroyed totally.
6. Magnitude 7.1 earthquake in Mindoro (November 15, 1994)
November 15, 1994, at around 3:15 a.m., a magnitude 7.1 earthquake rocked Mindoro. A gigantic 8.5 meters (28 ft) tsunami then followed which devastated the islands of Baco and Calapan, Mindoro.
A total of 7,566 houses were washed out and some 78 people died because of that tragedy.
7. Magnitude 6.9 earthquake in Central Visayas (February 6, 2012)
A total of 51 people died, 62 still missing and 112 were injured when a 6.9 earthquake Central Visayas, particularly Negros and parts of Mindanao on February 6, 2012.
It caused a landslide which buried a barangay, damaged 15,483 houses, and a total damage of ₱383-million on infrastructures and buildings was recorded.
8. Magnitude 7.5 earthquake in Central and Southern Mindanao (March 5, 2002)
A magnitude 7.5 earthquake resulted to the death of 15 people and injuring around a hundred more in Central and Southern Mindanao on March 5, 2002.
The said quake originated near the Cotabato Trench that was followed by a tsunami. But it was the flood that was generated by landslides and falling debris that caused damage to an estimated 800 buildings.
9. Magnitude 6.5 quake in Ilocos Norte (August 17, 1983)
The magnitude 6.5 quake in Ilocos Norte on August 17, 1983 happened around 8:18 p.m. and resulted to 16 casualties and 47 people got injured.
It caused damages on various establishments such as schools, buildings, malls, residences, and etc. There were also landslides and sand boils that followed the event.
10. Magnitude 7.6 earthquake happened near Guiuan, Eastern Samar (August 31, 2012)
A very strong earthquake with a magnitude of 7.6 happened near Guiuan, Eastern Samar on August 31, 2012 that was felt as far as Mindanao.
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) issued a tsunami warning Level 3, but it was lifted 5 hours later.
The quake caused damage on homes, bridges, and other infrastructures. There were also power interruptions in the affected areas. But despite the intensity only one person was reported dead and one injured because of the landslide in Cagayan de Oro City.
The bad thing about an earthquake is that we cannot prevent it and we cannot predict it. We do not know when exactly it would happen. Because of that, it would be better for us to be prepared at all times. Participate in Earthquake drills conducted by authorities, keep an emergency kit in the house, don’t panic when it happens and most importantly don’t forget to pray.
Safety Tips to survive an earthquake:
- Stay where you are until the shaking stops. …
- Drop down onto your hands and knees so the earthquake doesn’t knock you down. …
- Cover your head and neck with your arms to protect yourself from falling debris. …
- Hold on to any sturdy covering so you can move with it until the shaking stops.
Before an Earthquake:
Make sure you have a fire extinguisher, first aid kit, a battery-powered radio, a flashlight, and extra batteries at home. Learn how to turn off the gas, water, and electricity. Make up a plan of where to meet your family after an earthquake. Don’t leave heavy objects on shelves (they’ll fall during a quake).
During an Earthquake:
- Stay calm! If you’re indoors, stay inside. If you’re outside, stay outside.
- If you’re indoors, stand against a wall near the center of the building, stand in a doorway, or crawl under heavy furniture (a desk or table). Stay away from windows and outside doors.
- If you’re outdoors, stay in the open away from power lines or anything that might fall. Stay away from buildings (stuff might fall off the building or the building could fall on you).
- Don’t use matches, candles, or any flame. Broken gas lines and fire don’t mix.
- If you’re in a car, stop the car and stay inside the car until the earthquake stops.
- Don’t use elevators (they’ll probably get stuck anyway).
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After an Earthquake:
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- Check yourself and others for injuries. Provide first aid for anyone who needs it.
- Check water, gas, and electric lines for damage. If any are damaged, shut off the valves. Check for the smell of gas. If you smell it, open all the windows and doors, leave immediately, and report it to the authorities (use someone else’s phone).
- Turn on the radio. Don’t use the phone unless it’s an emergency.
- Stay out of damaged buildings.
- Be careful around broken glass and debris. Wear boots or sturdy shoes to keep from cutting your feet.
- Be careful of chimneys (they may fall on you).
- Stay away from beaches. Tsunamis and seiches sometimes hit after the ground has stopped shaking.
- Stay away from damaged areas.
- If you’re at school or work, follow the emergency plan or the instructions of the person in charge.
- Expect aftershocks.
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WHY YOU NEED EMERGENCY SUPPLIES AT HOME
- Storing emergency supplies at home for all inhabitants is an essential part of keeping you and your family safe in a crises situation. Following a catastrophic disaster in your area, you could find yourself without many of the modern day luxuries you likely take for granted everyday. Electricity may be out for weeks leaving you in the dark and causing water treatment plants to stop working. Your home may suffer structural damage and be unsafe to occupy. You may need to take up shelter outdoors while possibly enduring extreme weather conditions. You or loved ones may suffer injuries and need immediate medical treatment at a time when there might not be medical attention available.
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EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS SUPPLIES THAT YOU SHOULD HAVE AT HOME FOR YOUR FAMILY.
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EMERGENCY FOOD
After a large disaster, stores may be closed for several weeks in your area and roads may be unsafe to drive out of your area. That is why you must have a supply of emergency food in your 72 Hour Kit. You should have a minimum of a three-day supply per person but a supply of at least a week is recommended. Many people try making their own home survival kit but they often don’t realize that store bought food such as canned food only has a 6 month shelf-life. That is why each of our survival kits come with ER Bars – U.S. Coast Guard Approved, up to 5-year shelf-life, 3-day supply of survival food. With a non-thirst provoking formula and a perfect balance of quality ingredients, it is specifically designed for disaster victims. Vacuum sealed and specially packaged, the ER Bar has surpassed rigorous testing procedures and quality standards in order to be a U.S. Coast Guard Approved 5-Year Shelf-Life Emergency Food Ration.
EMERGENCY WATER
Second to air, water is the most primary element to human survival. You must consider the fact that running water may be either unsafe to drink or simply unavailable after an emergency. Just keeping bottled water at home is not enough. Despite popular myth, bottled water only has a 1 -2 year shelf-life; even less if stored in extreme temperatures. It is recommended that at a minimum you have a 3 day supply of drinking water per person in your emergency preparedness kit. However, a survival rule of thumb is that you have a gallon of emergency water per person because you will also need it for sanitation purposes. Each of our survival kits come with U.S. Coast Guard Approved, 5-year shelf-life, 3-day supply of emergency water rations. Since water remains the most important survival item to have, each home survival kit also comes with water purification tablets which can be used along with the 5 gallon container to purify extra water. The additional purchase of extra emergency water for inclusion within your survival kit is recommended as our survival kits include only a minimum survival supply. The best and cheapest way to store a sufficient amount of emergency water for an entire family is to purchase one of our 55 gallon water storage barrel and accessories.
EMERGENCY LIGHTS
As electricity may be out for several weeks after a disaster, you will need emergency lights to navigate through the dark and safely get out of your home in order to travel to a safe location. Each of our Home Survival Kits come with a variety of essential emergency lights. Many people store a regular flashlight and batteries in their emergency preparedness kit but don’t realize that batteries have a shelf-life of 6 months. Our deluxe home survival kits come equipped with a solar and hand crank radio with lantern light which never needs batteries and 12 hour emergency lightsticks which have a 5-year shelf-life. All home kits also come with slow-burning emergency candles and waterproof matches for extra long-lasting light. We also recommend the inclusion of a fluorescent lantern for additional lighting capabilities.
EMERGENCY RADIOS
In the event of an emergency while you are at home, you will need to know where to go in order to get to a safe location. That is why each of our emergency preparedness kits come with an emergency radio for listening to emergency broadcasts following a disaster. Our deluxe home survival kits come equipped with a solar radio with lantern light which never needs batteries. This emergency radio is highly recommended because regular battery operated emergency radios have many limitations such as the facts that batteries only last for hours and have an extremely limited shelf-life of around 6 months.
EMERGENCY FIRST AID KITS
In the event of a disaster or just everyday accidents, emergency first aid kits are always a must. You probably already have a first aid kit in your home, but individual items likely get taken out of it for occasional injuries. That is why it is important to have a comprehensive first aid kits set aside for emergency preparedness. Each of our home emergency preparedness kits come with a comprehensive 68 piece first aid kit. In addition to the assortment of compresses, antiseptics, bandages, gauze pads and rolls, etc. in our the first aid kit, we also recommend the expansion of your first aid supplies with the inclusion of a CPR mask.
EMERGENCY SHELTER SUPPLIES
In your emergency preparedness planning, you must consider the fact that your home may be unsafe to occupy. Therefore, you may be forced to stay outdoors for several days if not weeks. That is why you need emergency shelter supplies in your emergency preparedness kit. Each of our survival kits come with the proper shelter supplies including space blankets for warmth, ponchos to protect you from the weather, and a tube tent for easy emergency shelter from the elements. Additional recommended emergency home shelter supplies include a canopy shelter and body warmer pads.
EMERGENCY SEARCH & RESCUE SUPPLIES
There will likely be broken glass and dangerous items that you will have to deal with when evacuating your home or helping others evacuate. Collapsed structures could trap families in their homes. That is why your home emergency preparedness kit must include the proper emergency search and rescue supplies for your home. One very important item, especially for earthquake preparedness, which can save your home and neighborhood is an emergency gas shut-off wrench. An emergency gas shut-off wrench is included in each of our home preparedness kits along with a swiss army style knife which serves as twelve valuable tools. For setting up camp or shelter, each kit also includes nylon cord and duct tape. Each home preparedness kit also comes with leather-palmed work gloves, vinyl gloves, and dust masks for protection from dangerous debris.
EMERGENCY SANITATION SUPPLIES
It’s not a pleasant thought, but plumbing will likely be unavailable after a major disaster. You also must remember that you may have to stay outdoors with several other people and neighbors in close proximity. For proper health and sanitation conditions, your emergency preparedness kit should include emergency sanitation supplies. The 5 gallon container of our home survival kits is designed to be used as a portable toilet. Each home survival kit comes with toilet bags, toilet chemicals, and tissue packs. The additional toilet seat cover and lid is an optional upgrade to the kit but is recommended.
YOU LEARN ABOUT THIS BLOG TO PROTECT YOURSELF DURING AN EARTHQUAKE. AND WE NEED TO BE UPDATED ON WHAT IS GOING ON OUR SURROUNDINGS AND ALWAYS WATCH NEWS.. AND JUST FOLLOW THE SAFETY TIPS TO SURVIVE AN EARTHQUAKE AND ALWAYS PRAY TO GOD..
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